The scientific name of the central bearded dragon is Pogona Vitticeps.
There are around nine different bearded dragons, however this specific one gets to around 24 inches, or two feet long. Usually 18" or so for females and 20" or so for males in captivity. 
They have an omnivorous diet, usually eating insects, leafy greens, fruits and vegetables. 

So where do bearded dragons come from?
Well the simple answer would be deserts, but where are they located in the world, what kind of desert?
 
They are located in Australia, usually in dry brush areas, forests and what many would call deserts. Sadly most people think deserts are entirely just sand, but thats not the case. Antarctica is actually classified as a desert because of the rainfall amount. 

 What a more desert like area for them would look like, or most commonly look like would be sun baked earth, rocks, and vegetation. Of course there are some areas with more sand than others, but usually a desert type of environment for them is what i listed above.